Ocular Surface Disease Related to the Inflammatory and Non-Inflammatory Phases of Thyroid Eye Disease.

Purpose: This study evaluated the ocular surface disease (OSD), especially dry eye disease (DED) parameters by combining qualitative and quantitative tools, including tear matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9), in patients with Graves' disease (GD) with and without Thyroid eye disease (TED). Patients and Methods: A total of 17 active TED, 16 inactive TED, 16 GD without ophthalmopathy, and 16 healthy controls were included. All patients were assessed with CAS, ophthalmometry, qualitative tear MMP-9, Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI), ocular surface staining, Schirmer test, meibography, tear meniscus height, conjunctival hyperemia, and non-invasive tear film break-up time. Patients were classified into three subtypes of DED: aqueous tear deficiency, meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD) and mixed dry eye. Results: Inactive TED was shown to be an associated factor with DED (odds ratio 14, confidence interval 2.24-87.24, p=0.0047), and presented more DED than healthy controls (87.5% versus 33.3%, p=0.0113). MGD was also more prevalent among these subjects than in healthy control (62.5% versus 6.7%; p=0.0273). No significant differences were found in other ophthalmological parameters, except for more intense conjunctival redness among active TED than GD without ophthalmopathy (p=0.0214). Qualitative MMP-9 test was more frequently positive in both eyes among active TED than in other groups (p < 0.0001). Conclusion: Patients with GD were symptomatic and presented a high prevalence of ocular surface changes and DED, particularly the subgroup with inactive TED. Tear MMP-9 detection was associated with active TED suggesting a relationship between ocular surface changes and the initial inflammatory phase of ophthalmopathy.

Visual development in children aged 0 to 6 years / Desenvolvimento visual infantil em crianças de 0 a 6 anos de idade

ABSTRACT Purposes: This study aimed to present the characteristics of visual development from a clinical viewpoint in infants and preschool children aged 0-6 years who were born at term with no pregnancy or childbirth complications. Methods: We conducted a bibliographic review on visual development in infants and preschool children. Results: We described visual development in children according to age groups: 0-1 month, 1-3 months, 3-6 months, 6-10 months, 10 months-1 year and 4 months, 1 year and 4 months-2 years, 2-4 years, and 4-6 years. Conclusion: Visual responses in infants and preschool children born at term and with normal development were observed to occur in an integrated manner with neuromotor functions in addition to cognitive and psycho-emotional sensory, behavioral, and visual capacity.

RESUMO Objetivos: Este estudo teve como objetivo apresentar as características do desenvolvimento visual do ponto de vista clínico em bebês e pré-escolares de 0 a 6 anos que nasceram a termo sem complicações na gravidez ou no parto. Métodos: Foi realizada uma revisão bibliográfica sobre o desenvolvimento visual em lactentes e pré-escolares. Resultados: Descrevemos o desenvolvimento visual em crianças de acordo com as faixas etárias: 0-1 mês, 1 a 3 meses, 3 a 6 meses, 6 a 10 meses, 10 meses a 1 ano e 4 meses, 1 ano e 4 meses a 2 anos, 2 a 4 anos e 4 a 6 anos. Conclusão: Observou-se que as respostas visuais em lactentes e pré-escolares nascidos a termo e com desenvolvimento normal ocorrem de forma integrada às funções neuromotoras, além da capacidade sensorial, comportamental e visual cognitiva e psicoemocional.

Visual development in children aged 0 to 6 years.

PURPOSES: This study aimed to present the characteristics of visual development from a clinical viewpoint in infants and preschool children aged 0-6 years who were born at term with no pregnancy or childbirth complications. METHODS: We conducted a bibliographic review on visual development in infants and preschool children. RESULTS: We described visual development in children according to age groups: 0-1 month, 1-3 months, 3-6 months, 6-10 months, 10 months-1 year and 4 months, 1 year and 4 months-2 years, 2-4 years, and 4-6 years. CONCLUSION: Visual responses in infants and preschool children born at term and with normal development were observed to occur in an integrated manner with neuromotor functions in addition to cognitive and psycho-emotional sensory, behavioral, and visual capacity.

Indicators of violence against women according to the reports of health services in the State of Minas Gerais-Brazil / Indicadores de violencia contra las mujeres procedentes de las notificaciones de los servicios de salud de Minas Gerais-Brasil / Indicadores da violência contra a mulher provenientes das notificações dos serviços de saúde de Minas Gerais-Brasil

ABSTRACT Reports of violence against adult women in Minas Gerais, Brazil were analyzed by consulting the Notifiable Diseases Information System in order to characterize the victims and cases of abuse, calculate morbidity and mortality, and assess the quality of the information. This descriptive retrospective study realized between from 2011-2012. Most women were 20 to 29 years old, Caucasian, married, and were physically abused at home, in which physical strength was used on the head. The number of reports increased 41% between the two years under study. Mortality stood out among women aged between 30 and 39 years old, lethality was more frequent among 80 year-old or older women, and a greater incidence of physical violence was observed among women between 20 and 29 years old. Reporting forms were incomplete. The proper completion of reporting forms should be encouraged due to the importance of violence reporting in the context of integral care provided to women who are victims of violence.

RESUMEN Se analizaron los casos notificados de violencia contra la mujer adulta en Minas Gerais, Brazil, a través del Sistema de Información de Agravios de Notificación, con el fin de caracterizar las víctimas y las situaciones abusivas, calcular indicadores de morbilidad y mortalidad y evaluar la calidad de la información. El estudio es descriptivo, retrospectivo y periodo 2011-2012. La mayoría de las mujeres era blanca, 20-29 años, casadas, agredidas físicamente en su residencia, por medio de fuerza corporal en la cabeza. Hubo un aumento del 41% en las notificaciones entre los años analizados. La mortalidad se destacó en las víctimas con 30-39 años, la letalidad arriba de 80 años, y la mayor incidencia en la violencia física, entre 20-29 años. Muchas fichas de investigación quedaron incompletas. Es necesario optimizar y concientizar sobre completar la ficha de investigación, debido a la importancia de esa notificación en el contexto de atención integral a las mujeres víctimas de violencia.

RESUMO Analisou-se os casos notificados de violências contra a mulher adulta no Estado de Minas Gerais, Brasil, por meio do Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação, com o intuito de caracterizar as vítimas e as situações de abuso, calcular indicadores de morbimortalidade e avaliar a qualidade da informação. Estudo descritivo, retrospectivo, período 2011-2012. A maioria das mulheres era branca, 20 a 29 anos, casada, agredida fisicamente na sua residência, por meio de força corporal, na cabeça. Houve aumento de 41% nas notificações entre os dois anos analisados. A mortalidade se destacou nas vítimas com 30-39 anos, a letalidade acima de 80 anos, maior incidência para violência física, entre 20-29 anos. Houve incompletude no preenchimento das fichas de investigação. Necessita-se otimizar a completude das fichas de investigação, em razão da importância dessa notificação no contexto da atenção integral às mulheres vítimas de violência.